The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
§70 — Proof when attesting witness denies execution
If the attesting witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the document, its execution may be proved by other evidence.
Old law ⇄ new law
Renumberedold law ⇄ new law
Old lawIEA §71Proof when attesting witness denies the executionNew lawBSA §70Proof when attesting witness denies execution
IEA §71 → BSA §70 per the official NCRB Sankalan table.
Source & version
Official text: Gazette of India via MHA (official) ↗
Official Gazette text: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (47 of 2023), English PDF as hosted by Ministry of Home Affairs (mha.gov.in, file 250882_english_01042024_0.pdf). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest gazette-bbox parser on 2026-07-14. Automated parse; structural validation + spot verification; full clause-level proofread pending.
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