The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
NI · 1881
Ch. I · PRELIMINARY
Ch. II · OF NOTES, BILLSAND C HEQUES
- §4“Promissory note”
- §5“Bill of exchange”
- §6“Cheque”
- §7“Drawer” “Drawee”
- §8“Holder”
- §9“Holder in due course”
- §10“Payment in due course”
- §11Inland instrument
- §12Foreign instrument
- §13“Negotiable instrument”
- §14Negotiation
- §15Indorsement
- §16Indorsement “in blank” and “in full”
- §17Ambiguous instruments
- §18Where amount is stated differently in figures and words
- §19Instruments payable on demand
- §20Inchoate stamped instruments
- §21“At sight”
- §22“Maturity”
- §23Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many months after date or sight
- §24Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date or sight
- §25When day of maturity is a holiday
Ch. III · PARTIES TO NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES.
- §26Capacity to make, etc., promissory notes, etc
- §27Agency
- §28Liability of agent signing
- §29Liability of legal representative signing
- §30Liability of drawer
- §31Liability of drawee of cheque
- §32Liability of maker of note and acceptor of bill
- §33Only drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour
- §34Acceptance by several drawees not partners
- §35Liability of indorser
- §36Liability of prior parties to holder in due course
- §37Maker, drawer and acceptor principals
- §38Prior party a principal in respect of each subsequent party
- §39Suretyship
- §40Discharge of indorser's liability
- §41Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged
- §42Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name
- §43Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration
- §44Partial absence or failure of money-consideration
- §45Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money
- §45AHolder's right to duplicate of lost bill
Ch. IV · OF NEGOTIATION
- §46Delivery
- §47Negotiation by delivery
- §48Negotiation by indorsement
- §49Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
- §50Effect of indorsement
- §51Who may negotiate
- §52Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional
- §53Holder deriving title from holder in due course A holder of a negotiable
- §54Instrument indorsed in blank
- §55Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
- §56Indorsement for part of sum due
- §57Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased
- §58Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration
- §59Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue
- §60Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction
- §61Presentment for acceptance
- §62Presentment of promissory note for sight
- §63Drawee’s time for deliberation
- §64Presentment for payment
- §65Hours for presentment
- §66Presentment for payment of instrument payable after date or sight
- §67Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by instalments
- §68Presentment for payment of instrument payable at specified place and not elsewhere
- §69Instrument payable at specified place
- §70Presentment where no exclusive place specified
- §71Presentment when maker, etc., has no known place of business or residence
- §72Presentment of cheque to charge drawer
- §73Presentment of cheque to charge any other person
- §74Presentment of instrument payable on demand
- §75Presentment by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee of insolvent
- §75AExcuse for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment
- §76When presentment unnecessary
- §77Liability of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented for payment
Ch. VI · OF PAYMENTAND INTEREST
Ch. VII · OF DISCHARGE FROM LIABILITY ON NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES
- §82Discharge from liability
- §83Discharge by allowing drawee more than forty-eight hours to accept
- §84When cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby
- §85Cheque payable to order
- §85ADrafts drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order
- §86Parties not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance
- §87Effect of material alteration
- §88Acceptor or indorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration
- §89Payment of instrument on which alteration is not apparent
- §90Extinguishment of rights of action on bill in acceptor's hands
Ch. VIII · OF NOTICE OF DISHONOUR
Ch. IX · OF N O T ING A N D P R O T E S T
Ch. X · OF R E A S O N A B L E T I M E
Ch. XI · OF ACCEPTANCE AND PAYMENT FOR HONOUR AND REFERENCE IN CASE OF NEED
- §108Acceptance for honour
- §109How acceptance for honour must be made
- §110Acceptance not specifying for whose honour it is made
- §111Liability of acceptor for honour
- §112When acceptor for honour may be charged
- §113Payment for honour
- §114Right of payer for honour
- §115Drawee in case of need
- §116Acceptance and payment without protest
Ch. XII · OF C O M P E N S A T I O N
Ch. XIII · S P E C I A L R U L E SOF E V I D E N C E
Ch. XIV · OF CROSSED C H E Q U E S
- §123Cheque crossed generally
- §124Cheque crossed specially
- §125Crossing after issue
- §126Payment of cheque crossed generally
- §127Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once
- §128Payment in due course of crossed cheque
- §129Payment of crossed cheque out of due course
- §130Cheque bearing “not negotiable”
- §131Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque
- §131AApplication of Chapter to drafts
Ch. XV · OF B I L L S I N S E T S
Ch. XVI · OF I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A W
Ch. XVII · OF PENALTIES IN CASE OF DISHONOUR OF CERTAIN CHEQUES FOR INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS IN THE ACCOUNTS
- §138Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account
- §139Presumption in favour of holder
- §140Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138
- §141Offences by companies
- §142Cognizance of offences
- §142AValidation for transfer of pending cases
- §143Power of Court to try cases summarily
- §143APower to direct interim compensation
- §144Mode of service of summons
- §145Evidence on affidavit
- §146Bank’s slip prima facie evidence of certain facts
- §147Offences to be compoundable
- §148Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction