The Indian Penal Code, 1860 · Ch. I — INTRODUCTION
Section 1 — Title and extent of operation of the Code
This Act shall be called the Indian Penal Code, and shall [extend to the whole of India ***].
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The Indian Penal Code, 1860 · Ch. I — INTRODUCTION
This Act shall be called the Indian Penal Code, and shall [extend to the whole of India ***].
IPC Section 1 → BNS Section 1 per the official NCRB Sankalan table. BNS Section 1 consolidates multiple IPC sections.
This is the text of BNS Section 1, not of the section above. Read both before relying on either.
(1) This Act may be called the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
(2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Sanhita.
(3) Every person shall be liable to punishment under this Sanhita and not otherwise for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty within India.
(4) Any person liable, by any law for the time being in force in India, to be tried for an offence committed beyond India shall be dealt with according to the provisions of this Sanhita for any act committed beyond India in the same manner as if such act had been committed within India.
(5) The provisions of this Sanhita shall also apply to any offence committed by—
(a) any citizen of India in any place without and beyond India;
(b) any person on any ship or aircraft registered in India wherever it may be;
(c) any person in any place without and beyond India committing offence targeting a computer resource located in India.
Explanation.—In this section, the word “offence” includes every act committed outside India which, if committed in India, would be punishable under this Sanhita.
Illustration. A, who is a citizen of India, commits a murder in any place without and beyond India. He can be tried and convicted of murder in any place in India in which he may be found.
(6) Nothing in this Sanhita shall affect the provisions of any Act for punishing mutiny and desertion of officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen in the service of the Government of India or the provisions of any special or local law.
Source & version
Official text: India Code (official) ↗
Official India Code text: The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (45 of 1860), English PDF (A1860-45.pdf) retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback Machine snapshot 2020-04-21 of indiacode.nic.in (portal unreachable from ingest network). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest inline parser on 2026-07-15. Repealed by BNS 2023 w.e.f. 2024-07-01. Automated parse; footnotes/amendment history excluded; illustrations restored via illustration-aware re-extraction on 2026-07-19; spot-verified; full clause-level proofread pending. Eleven State-inserted sections that had been published as central law were removed on 2026-08-02 after the D-052 guard identified them: 354E, 376F, 509A and 509B (Chhattisgarh Act 25 of 2015), 379A and 379B (Gujarat Act 6 of 2019) and 382B-382F (Tripura Act 4 of 2019). They are now recorded as State amendments against the sections they attach to, not as sections of the Code (D-053). Chapter XIV's heading has a space inserted in “DECENCY AND”. BOTH printings fuse it, and per-glyph advance widths fitted over this act's 105 distinct small-cap tokens show the fusion is in the PRINT (predicted box within 0.6pt of observed; a real space on that line is 2.75pt) rather than in the extraction — as it is for the eleven other fused headings in this act, which were separated from the contents page. Reviewed correction, D-078 — see scripts/ingest/src/repairs/repair-heading-typos.mjs.
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