Vidhara

The Constitution of India

§53Executive power of the Union

(1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law. (3) Nothing in this article shall— (a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or (b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.

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Source & version

Official text: India Code (official)

Official India Code text: The Constitution of India [As on 9th December, 2020], English PDF (bitstream 123456789/16124/1/the_constitution_of_india.pdf, 2,712,149 bytes) fetched directly from indiacode.nic.in (Akamai edge, DNS via dns.google) on 2026-07-16. Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest inline parser. Articles only — Schedules excluded from this pass. Consolidation as on 2020-12-09 (105th/106th Amendments not yet incorporated — refresh when a newer official English consolidation is sourced). Automated parse; footnotes/amendment history excluded; spot-verified; full clause-level proofread pending.

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