Vidhara

The Constitution of India

§25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion

(1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion. (2) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making any law— (a) regulating or restricting any economic, financial, political or other secular activity which may be associated with religious practice; as ―clause by (b) providing for social welfare and reform or the throwing open of Hindu religious institutions of a public character to all classes and sections of Hindus. Explanation I.—The wearing and carrying of kirpans shall be deemed to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion. Explanation II.—In sub-clause (b) of clause (2), the reference to Hindus shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina or Buddhist religion, and the reference to Hindu religious institutions shall be construed accordingly.

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Source & version

Official text: India Code (official)

Official India Code text: The Constitution of India [As on 9th December, 2020], English PDF (bitstream 123456789/16124/1/the_constitution_of_india.pdf, 2,712,149 bytes) fetched directly from indiacode.nic.in (Akamai edge, DNS via dns.google) on 2026-07-16. Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest inline parser. Articles only — Schedules excluded from this pass. Consolidation as on 2020-12-09 (105th/106th Amendments not yet incorporated — refresh when a newer official English consolidation is sourced). Automated parse; footnotes/amendment history excluded; spot-verified; full clause-level proofread pending.

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