Vidhara

The Constitution of India

§120Language to be used in Parliament

(1) Notwithstanding anything in Part XVII, but subject to the provisions of article 348, business in Parliament shall be transacted in Hindi or in English: Provided that the Chairman of the Council of States or Speaker of the House of the People, or person acting as such, as the case may be, may permit any member who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or in English to address the House in his mother-tongue. (2) Unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, this article shall, after the expiration of a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, have effect as if the words ―or in English‖ were omitted therefrom.

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Source & version

Official text: India Code (official)

Official India Code text: The Constitution of India [As on 9th December, 2020], English PDF (bitstream 123456789/16124/1/the_constitution_of_india.pdf, 2,712,149 bytes) fetched directly from indiacode.nic.in (Akamai edge, DNS via dns.google) on 2026-07-16. Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest inline parser. Articles only — Schedules excluded from this pass. Consolidation as on 2020-12-09 (105th/106th Amendments not yet incorporated — refresh when a newer official English consolidation is sourced). Automated parse; footnotes/amendment history excluded; spot-verified; full clause-level proofread pending.

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