Vidhara

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

§99Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons

When the facts are such that the language used might have been meant to apply to any one, and could not have been meant to apply to more than one, of several persons or things, evidence may be given of facts which show which of those persons or things it was intended to apply to.

Illustrations.

(a) A agrees to sell to B, for one thousand rupees, "my white horse". A has two white horses. Evidence may be given of facts which show which of them was meant.

(b) A agrees to accompany B to Ramgarh. Evidence may be given of facts showing whether Ramgarh in Rajasthan or Ramgarh in Uttarakhand was meant.

Old law ⇄ new law

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Source & version

Official text: Gazette of India via MHA (official)

Official Gazette text: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (47 of 2023), English PDF as hosted by Ministry of Home Affairs (mha.gov.in, file 250882_english_01042024_0.pdf). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest gazette-bbox parser on 2026-07-14. Automated parse; structural validation + spot verification; full clause-level proofread pending.

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