The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
§59 — Proof of documents by primary evidence
Documents shall be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned.
Old law ⇄ new law
Renumberedold law ⇄ new law
Old lawIEA §64Proof of documents by primary evidenceNew lawBSA §59Proof of documents by primary evidence
IEA §64 → BSA §59 per the official NCRB Sankalan table.
Source & version
Official text: Gazette of India via MHA (official) ↗
Official Gazette text: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (47 of 2023), English PDF as hosted by Ministry of Home Affairs (mha.gov.in, file 250882_english_01042024_0.pdf). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest gazette-bbox parser on 2026-07-14. Automated parse; structural validation + spot verification; full clause-level proofread pending.
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