The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
§54 — Proof of facts by oral evidence
All facts, except the contents of documents may be proved by oral evidence.
Old law ⇄ new law
Modifiedold law ⇄ new law
IEA §59 → BSA §54 per the official NCRB Sankalan table. Marked "(Change)" — substance modified; compare texts.
Source & version
Official text: Gazette of India via MHA (official) ↗
Official Gazette text: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (47 of 2023), English PDF as hosted by Ministry of Home Affairs (mha.gov.in, file 250882_english_01042024_0.pdf). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest gazette-bbox parser on 2026-07-14. Automated parse; structural validation + spot verification; full clause-level proofread pending.
Spotted a mistake in this text or its mapping? Report an issue with BSA §54
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