The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
In civil cases the fact that the character of any person concerned is such as to render probable or improbable any conduct imputed to him, is irrelevant, except in so far as such character appears from facts otherwise relevant.
IEA §52 → BSA §46 per the official NCRB Sankalan table.
Source & version
Official text: Gazette of India via MHA (official) ↗
Official Gazette text: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (47 of 2023), English PDF as hosted by Ministry of Home Affairs (mha.gov.in, file 250882_english_01042024_0.pdf). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest gazette-bbox parser on 2026-07-14. Automated parse; structural validation + spot verification; full clause-level proofread pending.
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