The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

§111 — Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years

When the question is whether a man is alive or dead, and it is proved that he has not been heard of for seven years by those who would naturally have heard of him if he had been alive, the burden of proving that he is alive is shifted to the person who affirms it.

Old law ⇄ new law

Renumberedold law ⇄ new law

Old lawIEA §108Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years New lawBSA §111Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years

IEA §108 → BSA §111 per the official NCRB Sankalan table.

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Source & version

Official text: Gazette of India via MHA (official) ↗

Official Gazette text: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (47 of 2023), English PDF as hosted by Ministry of Home Affairs (mha.gov.in, file 250882_english_01042024_0.pdf). Extracted via pdftotext 26.07 -bbox and @nexlex/ingest gazette-bbox parser on 2026-07-14. Automated parse; structural validation + spot verification; full clause-level proofread pending.

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